The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body, it is a strong and fibrous cord in the lower leg that connects the calf muscles to the heel and supports the body by enabling movement such as walking, running, and jumping.
The Achilles tendon can tear or rupture, causing pain and swelling in the foot. This may occur during rough physical activity, if you move too fast, pivot on your foot in an awkward motion, or land too hard on your foot after a jump. An Achilles tendon injury can make it difficult to walk or stand on your toes.
Due to tendinopathy– the degeneration of collagen proteins in the Achilles tendon, or tendonitis– inflammation of the tendon, the Achilles tendon can degenerate and cause pain and stiffness in the foot and back of the heel.
During the procedure, an orthopaedic surgeon stitches the ruptured tendon back together. If a part of the tendon has degenerated and cannot be repaired, a surgeon may need to remove the damaged part and stitch the rest of the tendon together to repair it. If the entire tendon is damaged severely, the surgeon may replace it with a tendon from another part of your foot.
Depending on the severity of the injury, Achilles tendon repair may be done as a minimally invasive procedure with an arthroscope, a device with a light and camera that is inserted through small incisions. However, if it is a more extensive procedure, it may require open surgery.
For the first few days, you may experience some pain and swelling in the foot, which is normal. You will be prescribed painkillers and be advised to rest as much as possible without putting pressure on the foot. You may also need to use crutches for a week or so.
After a week or 10 days, you may need to return to the doctor to remove the stitches and you may be required to wear a cast or support boot for the next few weeks. Additionally, you may need to attend physiotherapy sessions to regain mobility and strength in your foot.
The exact results of this procedure depend on your age, medical history, and how fast your body heals. In general, patients reach full recovery approximately 4-6 months after the surgery, and can resume exercise and normal activities. However, the tendon may not be as strong as it used to be, depending on how damaged it was before the procedure.
Results will vary from person to person, depending on the treatment area, severity of the issue, and your overall health. Your orthopaedic surgeon can give you a better idea of what to expect based on your individual needs and circumstances.
Dr Puah KL is our Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at Artisan Sports & Orthopaedic Surgery. He used to serve the sports service of Singapore General Hospital - the highest volume trauma centre for orthopaedics in Singapore.
