A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled sac or lump that can form on or near a joint or tendon in your body.
These cysts are typically harmless and can vary in size, with some being small and noticeable and others growing quite large, eventually causing discomfort or pain if they press on a nerve.
A ganglion cyst occurs near joints or along tendons, commonly appearing on the wrist or foot.
What causes ganglion cyst?
A ganglion cyst occurs when the fluid within joints leak out and forms a lump beneath the skin, however, there is no exact cause for this occurrence.
Several factors that may cause this to happen, are:
Overuse: repetitive stress or injury to your joint or tendon such as activities that require repetitive motions or when you put stress on a specific joint, may cause a ganglion cyst.
Structural misalignments: strain patterns in your muscles and connective tissues may also contribute to the formation of ganglion cysts.
Generally, ganglion cysts are harmless. If you experience pain or discomfort, make an appointment with an orthopaedist to prevent it from worsening.
What are the symptoms of ganglion cyst?
Symptoms of a ganglion cyst include:
Noticeable lump/bump near a joint or tendon
Swelling or tightness in the affected area
Pain or discomfort, especially when your joint or tendon is moved or pressure is applied
Tingling or numbness in your fingers or toes (if the cyst is near a nerve)
Limited range of motion/movement in your joint or tendon (if the cyst is large in a sensitive area)
A visible lump is characteristic of ganglion cysts.
If you notice any of the symptoms, make an appointment with an orthopaedic specialist to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Dr Puah KL is our Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at Artisan Sports & Orthopaedic Surgery. He used to serve the sports service of Singapore General Hospital - the highest volume trauma centre for orthopaedics in Singapore.
A ganglion cyst can sometimes cause pain or discomfort, especially if it is located near a joint or tendon that is frequently used or pressed. The pain can range from a dull ache to a sharp and throbbing pain.
However, not all ganglion cysts cause pain and some patients may not even notice it or feel any pain. This depends on the size and location of the cyst.
Who is at risk of ganglion cyst in Singapore?
There are several factors that increase your risk of developing a ganglion cyst, these are:
Gender: women are more prone to ganglion cysts than men.
Age: ganglion cysts typically occur in women between the ages of 20-40.
Fluid aspiration: fluid may be drawn from the lump to confirm diagnosis.
Fluid aspiration may be necessary for a proper diagnosis.
What are the treatment options for ganglion cyst in Singapore?
If you have been diagnosed with a ganglion cyst, your orthopaedist will discuss possible treatment options based on the location and severity. The treatment will take into account your individual needs and preferences.
There are several treatment options which may be recommended, these are:
Observation: some ganglion cases are not as severe as others. It may be recommended to monitor the ganglion for any changes that may happen before recommending active treatment (only if necessary).
Rest: for mild cases, it may be recommended to immobilise and rest the affected joint for a period of time.
Aspiration (aspirate): if the ganglion causes pain or discomfort, fluid may be drained from the sac to reduce the size of the ganglion and alleviate symptoms of pain or discomfort.
Surgery: the ganglion may be required or requested to be surgically removed, especially if it causes significant pain or interferes with your ability to use the affected joint. Lump removal can also prevent it from recurring.
Frequently asked questions
How long do ganglion cysts last?
Can stress cause ganglions?
Can ganglion cysts be treated at home?
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